効く

きく【利く， 効く】

①［効き目がある］

**good

〖形〗(薬が)〔病気などに〕効く〔for〕

drugs good for a fever ［against the grippe］ 熱［流感］に効く薬.

*effective

〖形〗〖S〗(物・事が)〔…に〕効果的である〔in〕; (薬などが)〔…に〕効き目がある〔against〕.

**strong

〖形〗(薬が)強い成分の， よく効く

a strong ［powerful］ remedy よく効く薬.

infallible

〖形〗《正式》(効果などが)確実な， 絶対に効く

an infallible cure 絶対効く治療法.

**work

|自|〖S〗(薬・力などが)〔…に〕効く 〔on〕

These pills will work on you. この薬はあなたに効くでしょう.

*act

|自|(薬などが)〔…に〕効く， 作用する〔on， upon〕

act like magic 魔法のように効く.

take effect

効果を生じる

She lay quietly waiting for the sleeping pills to take effect. 彼女は静かに横になって睡眠薬が効くのを待った.

▲Aspirin is a cure for headaches. アスピリンは頭痛に効く薬だ

This medicine will ease your headache. この薬は頭痛に効きます.

②［十分に働く］

〔機能する〕

**sharp

〖S〗(目・耳・感覚などが)鋭敏な， よく利く.

▲Wit flavored her speech. 彼女の演説はウィットが利いていた

She has a quick wit. 彼女は気転が利く

The old dog can hardly smell any longer. その老犬はもうほとんど鼻が利かない

He has a good sense of smell. 彼は鼻が利く［いい］

Both limbs on his left side became useless. 彼は左の手足の自由が利かなくなった.

¶ → 顔が利く (顔が効く)

¶ → 味覚が利く (味覚が効く)

③［可能である］

〔できる〕

¶洗濯の～ドレス

a wash dress

¶この生地はよく洗濯が～

This cloth washes well.

¶この写真は引き伸ばしが～でしょう

This photograph will enlarge well.

¶つけが～

My credit is good for 50， 000 yen at this store. 私はこの店では5万円までならつけがきく.

④［口をきく］

**speak

|自|〖D〗 話す， 物を言う， 口をきく

How ［The way］ she spoke to us was suspicious. 彼女の私たちへの口のきき方は疑い深げであった

We don't dare (to) speak. 口をきく勇気がない

I don't know him to speak to. 彼とは口をきくような知り合いではない.

**talk

|自|《略式》〔…の〕陰口をきく〔about， of〕

talk rough 乱暴な口をきく

When you talk to me， take off your hat. おれに口をきく時は帽子ぐらい取れよ

Look who's talking. 《略式》(相手をたしなめて)偉そうな口をきくなよ

Why would he talk like that? どうして彼はあんな口をきくのだ.

¶ → 生意気な口を利く (生意気な口を効く)

* * *

きく【効く･利く】

1 【効く】 〔ききめがある〕 be effective 《for…, against…》; be efficacious 《against fever》; have an effect 《on…》; produce the desired effect [《口》 do the trick]; be good 《for a cold》; act [work, tell] 《on…》.

●〔薬などが〕 驚くほどよく効く work [do, perform] wonders

・よく効く薬 a very efficacious [effective] medicine; a medicine that works well

・〔薬･酒などが〕 だんだん体に効いてくる gradually have an effect [work, act] on the body

・宣伝が効く publicity is effective [has an effect, works, produces the desired effect, does the trick]

・お説教が効く a sermon produces the desired effect [is effective, has an effect]

・効かない fail to work; be no good 《for…》; have no effect 《on…》; be of no use.

●この薬はとてもよく効く. This medicine works like a charm.

・この薬は風邪にはてきめんに効く. This medicine works immediately [is instantly effective] against a cold [to counteract a cold].

・その薬草はいろいろの病気に効くと一般に信じられている. That medicinal herb is popularly believed to be effective against many diseases.

・この薬は少しも効かなかった. This medicine had no effect whatsoever on me.

・薬が効かなくなった. The medicine doesn't work any more.

・だいぶ温泉が効いた. I have derived great benefit from my baths in the hot spring.

・まじないが効いた. The charm [spell] worked.

・薬が効きすぎたらしい. It seems that the medicine was too strong (for the patient).

・今日の彼はずいぶんしょげかえっているようだ. 昨日の薬が効きすぎたらしい. He seems very depressed today; I think he took yesterday's telling off too much to heart.

・今日は冷房も効かないほどの暑さだ. It's so hot today even air conditioning will not make a difference [be ineffective].

2 【利く】 〔有効に働く〕 work; act; 〔わさびなどが〕 be pungent; bite; 〔将棋の駒が〕 command [guard, protect] 《a square》. [⇒きかせる¹]

●鼻が利く ⇒はな⁴

・目が利く 〔洞察力〕 have a sharp [keen] eye; 〔鑑識眼〕 have an [a discerning] eye 《for painting》; 〔骨董品などの〕 be a good judge 《of swords》. [⇒めきき]

・耳がよく利く have a sharp [keen] ear; be quick of hearing; have an [a good] ear 《for music》

・右の手が利かなくなる lose the use of one's right arm

・体[手足]が利かない be disabled; cannot help oneself; be helpless [unable to move]

・腕の利く able; capable; skillful. [⇒うできき]

・気が利く ⇒き³

・口を利く ⇒くち

・塩がよく利いている be strongly flavored with salt

・酸味の利いたドレッシング a dressing with an acid [a sour] taste

・風刺の利いた漫画 a cartoon with a satiric bite (to it)

・パンチの利いた歌声 a singing voice with some dynamism (to it)

・暖房の利いた部屋 a room that is warm from being heated.

●年をとると目が利かなくなる. One's eyes lose their sharpness when one gets old. | One's eyesight begins to fail with age.

・ブレーキが利かない. The brakes don't [won't] work.

・自動ロックが利いていなかった. The automatic lock wasn't working.

・受信機が利かなくなった. The receiver went dead.

3 〔可能･有効である〕 be a possibility; be open to…; apply.

●賄賂(_わいろ)が利く[利かない] be susceptible to [proof against] bribery

・見晴らしが利く[利かない] command a fine [no fine] view [prospect]; the view is good [poor]

・洗濯が利く be washable

・保存が利く be preservable

・応用が利く be open to practical application; be practically applicable; have (a) practical application

・変更が利く be changeable; be open to change

・無理が利く be able to handle strain [excessive use, overexertion, overdoing things]

・裏返しが利く be able to be turned inside out (for alteration)

・学割[保険]が利く a student discount [insurance] applies [can be used]

・つけが利く ⇒つけ.

●この壁は釘が利かない. Nails don't work with [take hold on] this wall.

・家具は修繕が利かないほど破損している. The furniture is so badly damaged repair will be of no use. | The furniture is damaged beyond repair.

・彼女にはおどかしは利かない. Intimidation doesn't work [have any effect] on her.

・師の前ではごまかしは利かない. Deception won't fool the teacher('s eyes). | You can't put anything over the teacher.

・年齢とともにがんばりが利かなくなった. As I've aged I've lost the ability to carry through [stick to what I'm doing] (to the end).

・どんなやすりもこの金属には利かない. There isn't a file that will work on this metal.

4 〔(「…できかない」の形で) 足りない, それ以上である〕 do not suffice; be more than….

●1 万円じゃきかないだろう. That would cost more than \10,000.

・たしかに 10 万人じゃきかない. More than a hundred thousand people, I can assure you.

・これ 1 万円できくと思う? 絶対きかないよね. You think \10,000 will suffice? I think it's sure to be more than that.